The Burgeoning Significance of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Cancers.

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a physiological phenomenon that parallels the mixing of oil and water, giving rise to compartments with diverse physical properties. Biomolecular condensates, arising from LLPS, serve as critical regulators of gene expression and control, with a particular significance in the context of malignant tumors. Recent investigations have unveiled the intimate connection between LLPS and cancer, a nexus that profoundly impacts various facets of cancer progression, including DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, oncogene expression, and the formation of critical membraneless organelles within the cancer microenvironment. This review provides a comprehensive account of the evolution of LLPS from the molecular to the pathological level. We explore the mechanisms by through which biomolecular condensates govern diverse cellular physiological processes, encompassing gene expression, transcriptional control, signal transduction, and responses to environmental stressors. Furthermore, we concentrate on potential therapeutic targets and the development of small-molecule inhibitors associated with LLPS in prevalent clinical malignancies. Understanding the role of LLPS and its interplay within the tumor milieu holds promise for enhancing cancer treatment strategies, particularly in overcoming drug resistance challenges. These insights offer innovative perspectives and support for advancing cancer therapy.

Strip SAR image simulation of a composite vehicle-ground model.

In this paper, the strip synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image of a composite vehicle-ground model is simulated by combining the electromagnetic scattering algorithm and radar imaging algorithm. A linear frequency modulated wave is incident on the composite model, which is partitioned into a mass of triangular patches. In the "stop-and-go" radar mode, for each patch, the amplitude of scattered echo in the frequency domain is solved by a hybrid method of physical optics (PO)-shooting and bouncing ray (SBR)-physical theory of diffraction (PTD). For the composite model, the total scattered echo in terms of range frequency and azimuth time is obtained by the vector superposition of echo on patches. Then the SAR image of the composite model is generated by the range-Doppler algorithm. In numerical simulations, both the electromagnetic scattering of a target by the SBR-PTD method and composite scattering by the PO-SBR-PTD method are validated and evaluated by comparing with the multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) in FEKO software. Moreover, the SAR image of the composite vehicle-ground model is also compared with the real image in Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition database, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed method. SAR images of the composite model for different incident angles are also presented and analyzed.

Erratum: Eightfold Degenerate Fermions in Two Dimensions [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 176401 (2021)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.176401.

Eightfold Degenerate Fermions in Two Dimensions.

Multifold degenerate fermions have attracted a lot of research interest in condensed matter physics and materials science, but always lack in two dimensions. In this Letter, from symmetry analysis and lattice model construction, we demonstrate that eightfold degenerate fermions can be realized in two-dimensional systems. In nonmagnetic materials with negligible spin-orbit coupling, the gray magnetic space groups together with SU(2) spin rotation symmetry can protect the two-dimensional eightfold degenerate fermions on a certain high-symmetry axis in the Brillouin zone, no matter whether the system is centrosymmetric or noncentrosymmetric. In antiferromagnetic materials, the eightfold degenerate fermions can also be protected by certain "spin space groups." Furthermore, by first-principles electronic structure calculations, we predict that the paramagnetic phase of the monolayer LaB_{8} on a suitable substrate is a two-dimensional eightfold degenerate as well as Dirac node-line semimetal. Especially, the eightfold degenerate points are close to the Fermi level, which makes monolayer LaB_{8} a good platform to study the exotic physical properties of two-dimensional eightfold degenerate fermions.